Search

Home > Surgery 101 > 439. The Semiflexible Era: Schindler and the Pre-Fiberoptic Revolution
Podcast: Surgery 101
Episode:

439. The Semiflexible Era: Schindler and the Pre-Fiberoptic Revolution
Category: Religion & Spirituality
Duration: 00:10:16
Publish Date: 2026-01-14 13:30:00
Description: By the early 20th century, endoscopy had evolved from candle-lit brass tubes into electrically illuminated rigid instruments. The decisive shift toward flexibility — the stage upon which Rudolf Schindler would make his contribution — was the product of several converging advances in optics, illumination, and instrument design that began in the late 19th century.
Total Play: 0

Users also like

20+ Episodes
Essentials o .. 50+     6
100+ Episodes
Krankheitssy .. 30+     4